Best Cervical Cancer Surgery and Treatment in India

       Cervical Cancer Treatment in India  

Cervical cancer is the malignancy that starts in the cervix. Cervical cancer instigate from the cells located on the surface of the cervix. Cervical cancer occurs in several forms. The most common is squamous cell carcinoma, which accounts for 85 to 90 percent of cervical cancers. Other forms include adenocarcinomas and combination cancers such as adenosquamous carcinoma. Some strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a virus transmitted during sex, play a role in causing most cases of cervical cancer. The type of cervical cancer is determined by the type of cell where the early genetic mutation occurred. The type also helps in determining the specific treatment for a patient. There are two main types of cervical cancer that include:

•  Adenocarcinomas: This type takes place in the glandular cells lining the cervical canal. Adenocarcinomas accounts for a smaller portion of all cervical cancers.

•  Squamous Cell Carcinomas: This type starts in the flat and thin cells lining the bottom of the cervix. Squamous cell carcinomas make up for a large majority of cervical cancers.

          Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer   

•  Pap Smear Test - A Pap smear is an examination under the microscope of cells scraped from the tip of the cervix. Doctors do this by putting an instrument called a speculum inside vagina and then scraping the cervix with a small brush.

• Liquid Based Cytology - Liquid based cytology (LBC) is a way of preparing cervical samples for examination in the laboratory. The sample is collected in a similar way to the Pap smear, using a special device (spatula) which brushes cells from the neck of the womb.

• Hybrid Capture II Test - The Hybrid Capture II HPV test tells if treatment is essential for women or not. It is a DNA based test that provides information about 13 types of HPV virus that might be the agent of infection of cervical cells.

• Colposcopy - A colposcopy is a special way of looking at the cervix. It uses a light and a low-powered microscope to make the cervix appear much larger. This helps your health care provider find and then biopsy abnormal areas in your cervix.

• Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) - The test involves the use of an electrode put inside the cervix to remove abnormal cells from the cervix and endo-cervical canal. A high frequency electric current is running through the wire.

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - This test uses magnetism to build up pictures of the organs in your abdomen. It is very good at imaging the tissues of the pelvis where the cancer is. MRI is painless, and the magnetism is harmless.

• Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan - A CT scan is a type of x-ray that gives a cross-sectional picture of organs and other structures (including any tumours) in your body.

• A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) - A positron emission tomography (PET) scan can check to see if cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

• Blood tests. Based on the doctor's evaluation, the cancer will be classified into one of more than 10 substages. Staging helps Gyneconcologist determine what treatments may be more effective. In general, stages for cervical cancer include:

  Affordable Cervical Cancer Treatment  in India

Surgery

The following surgical procedures may be used as part of cervical cancer treatment:

• Conization - Conization, also called a cone biopsy, is a procedure that is used to remove a cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix and cervical canal. A pathologist will view the tissue under a microscope to look for cancer cells. This type of surgery may be used to diagnose or treat a cervical condition.

• Hysterectomy - A hysterectomy (removal of the uterus but not the ovaries) is not often performed for cervical cancer that has not spread. It may be done in women who have repeated LEEP procedures.

• Radical Hysterectomy - Radical Hysterectomy removes the uterus and much of the surrounding tissues, including lymph nodes and the upper part of the vagina.

• Cryosurgery - Cryosurgery is a treatment that uses an instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue, such as carcinoma in situ. This type of cervical cancer surgery is also called cryotherapy.

• Laser Surgery - Laser surgery is a procedure that uses a laser beam (a narrow beam of intense light) as a knife to make bloodless cuts in tissue or to remove a surface lesion such as a tumor.

• Pelvic Exenteration - Surgery to remove the lower colon, rectum, and bladder. In women, the cervix, vagina, ovaries, and nearby lymph nodes are also removed. Artificial openings (stoma) are made for urine and stool to flow from the body to a collection bag. Plastic surgery may be needed to make an artificial vagina after this operation.

Treatment for cervical cancer includes hysterectomy, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The form of treatment varies based on the stage at which the cancer was detected.

Radical Hysterectomy for Cervical cancer Treatment: A Radical Hysterectomy is the procedure by which the uterus and the cervix are removed surgically. This procedure is performed to treat certain gynecological conditions such as cervical cancer and fibroids etc. Additionally, depending on the stage of the cancer pelvic lymph nodes and ovaries might be surgically removed.

Chemotherapy for Cervical Cancer Treatment: Chemotherapy is the use of medicine to cure cancer. Chemotherapy can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly orally or topically and several other ways. The medicine travels throughout the body and also to the cancerous organ. Once at the target organ the medicine kills the cancer cells by cutting of vital pathways in the cell cycle. Chemotherapy can have temporary and permanent side. Some individuals experience nausea and vomiting while others may become infertile.

Radiation Therapy for Cervical cancer Treatment: Radiation therapy uses a high intensity X rays to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy can utilize radiation from an external machine by using radioisotopes inside the body. Unlike chemotherapy treatment, radiation therapy can be applied only to the area in which cancer cells are present. This form of therapy is often used in conjunction with chemotherapy and/or hysterectomy.