Ovarian Cancer Treatment In India
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries. Women have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries - each about the size of an almond - produce eggs (ova) as well as the hormones estrogen, progesterone. Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen. Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries. Women have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries — each about the size of an almond — produce eggs (ova) as well as the hormones estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen. At this late stage, ovarian cancer is difficult to treat and is often fatal.
Stages Of Ovarian Cancer
• Exploratory Surgery : This surgery is performed for confirming the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries. Women have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries - each about the size of an almond - produce eggs (ova) as well as the hormones estrogen, progesterone. Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen. Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries. Women have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries — each about the size of an almond — produce eggs (ova) as well as the hormones estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen. At this late stage, ovarian cancer is difficult to treat and is often fatal.Stages Of Ovarian Cancer
Stage I
The cancer is completely contained within the ovary or ovaries:
• Stage IA- One ovary involved
• Stage IB- Both ovaries involved
• Stage IC- One or both ovaries involved, but with cancer on the surface of an ovary, rupture of an ovarian cyst malignant ascites or positive abdominal washings.
Stage II
The cancer is in one or both of the ovaries and has spread to additional organs located in the pelvis such as the bladder, colon, rectum or uterus.
• Stage IIA - Spread to uterus or fallopian tubes
• Stage IIB - Spread to pelvic peritoneum
• Stage IIC - Confined to the pelvis, but with malignant ascites or positive abdominal washings
Stage III
The cancer is in one or both ovaries and has spread to one or both of the following: the lining of the abdomen or the lymph nodes.
• Stage IIIA - Microscopic spread to the upper abdomen
• Stage IIIB - Cancer nodules less than 2 cm in the abdomen
• Stage IIIC - Nodules more than 2 cm, or positive pelvic or aortic lymph nodes
Stage IV
The most advanced stage of cancer. The cancer has spread from one or both ovaries to additional organs such as the liver or lungs, or there may be cancer cells in the fluid surrounding the lungs.
• Exploratory Surgery : This surgery is performed for confirming the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
• Ultrasound : High-frequency sound waves are produced in order to get precise images of the structures inside the body.
• Blood Tests: CA 125 blood test is performed for those women who are suspected of having ovarian cancer or previously had ovarian cancer. This blood test helps in detecting a protein antigen that can be found at abnormally high levels in the blood serum of those women who have ovarian cancer.
• Positron Emission Tomographic Scan (PET) : This test helps in defining those areas that altered blood supply and also helps in identifying cancer.
• Upper G.I. and Lower G.I. Scopy: It helps in ruling out the primary cancer present in G.I. tract.
• CT scan: This helps in generating two dimensional images of the body that may show whether the cancer has spread.
• Mammography: Metastatic tumors can be ruled out with this test.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Magnetic energy is used for generating highly detailed images of the anatomy such as tumors.
Surgery
Three types of surgeries are involved in treating ovarian cancer such as:
• Laparoscopy : Gynaeoncologist perform laparotomy through a large abdominal incision, most often removing your ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, nearby lymph glands, a fold of fatty tissue called the omentum and as much of the tumor as possible.
• Frozen Section Tissue Analysis : The rapid analysis of the tissue is done under a microscope. The nature of the tumor is determined as whether it is cancerous or non-cancerous that also helps surgeons to perform a suitable procedure during the first surgery.
• Laparotomy : This procedure is used by making a large abdominal incision. This incision is done for removing uterus, ovaries, Fallopian tubes surrounding lymph glands, omentum (a fold of fatty tissue) and tumor. Cytoreductive or debulking surgery is another name for this surgery.
Chemotherapy
After surgery, you'll most likely be treated with chemotherapy - drugs designed to kill any remaining cancer cells. Chemotherapy may also be used as the initial treatment in some women with advanced ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy drugs can be administered in a vein (intravenously) or injected directly into the abdominal cavity, or both methods of administering the drugs can be used.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. The use of radiation therapy to treat ovarian cancer has declined in recent years, but Gyneconcologist use it in certain cases, such as when patient have a recurrence of cancer at the original site or if she can't tolerate chemotherapy. Gyneconcologist may use whole abdominal radiation to tre
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