Heart Valve Repair or Replacement Surgery in India: Restoring the Rhythm of Life

A wonderful organ, the human heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout our body. The heart valves, which guarantee a smooth flow of blood and preserve the rhythm of life, are located within this complex machinery. However, conditions affecting the heart valves can upset this balance, creating dangerous health issues. Fortunately, improvements in medicine, notably in India, have made heart valve replacement or repair surgeries quite successful, giving many people new hope and a second chance at life. In this blog post, we'll look at the importance of heart valve operations, the different kinds of treatments that are offered, and why India has emerged as a top location for this life-saving therapy.

Understanding Heart Valve Diseases: Heart valve diseases can occur due to various factors, including congenital defects, infections, aging, or lifestyle choices. These conditions can lead to valve malfunctions such as stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leaking). If left untreated, heart valve diseases can cause symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, and even heart failure. It is essential to diagnose and treat these conditions promptly to restore normal heart function and improve the patient's quality of life.

Repair vs. replacement of the heart valve: There are two general categories for heart valve surgeries: repair and replacement. The patient's own valve tissue may be preserved in some situations where the damaged valve can be restored. The goal of repair procedures is to improve the structure of the valve so that it can perform at its best. This strategy is frequently selected since it offers superior long-term results and does away with the requirement for lifetime medication.

However, not all valves can be repaired due to the severity of the damage or the underlying condition. In such cases, valve replacement surgery becomes necessary. Valve replacements can be either mechanical or biological. Mechanical valves are made from durable materials like titanium or carbon, offering long-term durability but requiring lifelong blood-thinning medication. Biological valves, on the other hand, are typically derived from animal tissue and do not require blood thinners, but may need to be replaced after a certain period.

Why Choose India for Heart Valve Surgeries?

India has emerged as a leading destination for heart valve repair or replacement surgeries due to several compelling reasons:

1. Highly Skilled Cardiac Surgeons: Indian cardiac surgeons are globally recognized for their expertise and experience in performing complex heart surgeries. They have undergone rigorous training and possess vast knowledge of the latest surgical techniques and technologies.

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3. State-of-the-Art Medical Facilities: India boasts world-class hospitals and healthcare facilities equipped with cutting-edge technology and infrastructure. These facilities adhere to international standards and provide a safe and hygienic environment for patients.

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5. Cost-Effective Treatment: One of the primary reasons patients choose India for heart valve surgeries is the cost advantage. The medical expenses in India are significantly lower compared to Western countries, without compromising on the quality of care and outcomes. This makes it an attractive option for international patients seeking affordable healthcare solutions.

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7. Short Waiting Times: Many countries face long waiting times for specialized surgeries. In contrast, India offers relatively shorter waiting periods, allowing patients to receive timely treatment and minimize the risk of complications.

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9. Multilingual and Supportive Staff: Indian healthcare providers prioritize patient comfort and satisfaction. Hospitals employ multilingual staff who assist international patients throughout their journey, providing guidance, translation services, and a welcoming environment.

10. Post-Surgery Rehabilitation: India's holistic approach to healthcare extends to post-surgery care and rehabilitation. Patients receive personalized care plans and have access to skilled physiotherapists and rehabilitation specialists who help them regain their strength and resume a normal lifestyle.

Conclusion: Heart valve repair or replacement surgeries have revolutionized the treatment of heart valve diseases, allowing individuals to regain their health and live fulfilling lives. India's exceptional

Angioplasty in India | Cost Stent surgery at Best Heart Surgery in India

Stent surgery in India

Good news! Patients tormented by arterial blood vessel diseases will currently have their treatment at a way lesser price than expected. angioplasty could currently become cheaper 

attributable to the reduction within thecosts of the stents as regulated by the National Pharmaceutical pricing Authority (NPPA) in india.

What are stents?

Stents are little medical instruments that are implanted within the patient’s heart that suffer from narrowed or closed arteries. These cardiac stents are expandable once they're placed within the needed artery through the method of angioplasty. The operate of the stent is to open narrowed arteries, stop heart attack and chest pains.

How many types of stents are available in India?

There are 3 types of stents that are used in the hospitals in India:

Bare metal stents, that is the most cost-effective and also the most simple type of stents.

Drug-Eluting Stents (DES) may be a a lot of advanced type that, when its implant, releases a drug that helps the arteries to function properly

Biodegradable stent is that the most developed and latest version of heart stents that when a point dissolves and get absorbed by the body.

What was the price of those stents?

The cost of the stents has been terribly high in india that directly raised the price of the angioplasty treatment. the price of bare metal stents was around Rs. 20,000 whereas drug eluting stents and perishable stents doesn't value but about Rs. 1.90 lakh.

Affordable Pediatric Cardiac Surgery at Best Hospital in India

Paediatric Heart Surgery in India with the Best Paediatric Heart surgeons in India is what you would want if your little one is suffering from any heart ailment. MyMedOpinion affiliate Paediatric heart surgeons in India are among the top paediatric heart specialists and offer best in paediatric heart care. Affordable Pediatric Heart Surgery in India at Best Cardiac Hospitals with Top Pediatric Cardiac Surgeons in India with MyMedOpinion.

Sometimes heart surgery in children is required for repairing defects in the heart which a child might have born with (known as congenital heart defects) and heart diseases which he gets after birth, which require surgery. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery deals with operative procedures in the newborn and unborn children and youngsters suffering from cardiac dysfunctions, structural, functional and rhythm-related issues of the heart also.

In the normal heart, electrical impulses arise from an area of specialized cells called the sinus node, which is the heart's normal pacemaker. The sinus node is located in the right atrium, the upper right chamber of the heart . After leaving the sinus node, an impulse spreads across the upper heart chambers (right and left atria) and reaches the atrioventricular (AV) node located near the center of the heart between the atria and the lower chambers, or ventricles, and then to conduction fibers that spread across the ventricles, which are the heart's main pumping chambers. As the impulse moves along the conduction fibers, cardiac muscle cells are stimulated and contract, producing a heartbeat.

Pediatric Cardiac Surgery often deals with heart problems in children, the cause of congenital heart diseases which are common heart ailments among new born children and involves deficiencies like structural defects, congenital arrythmias and cardiomyopathies, which result in different kinds of abnormalities related to the heart. Congenital heart disease is a cause of improper growth of the heart or blood vessels before birth.

Heart Treatment in India for Major Heart Ailments in Children

The most common cardiac defects in children are the following:

• Atrial Septal Defect

• Ventricular Septal Defect

• Fallot's Tetralogy

• Valvular defects

Atrial Septal Defect

An atrial septal defect (ASD) — sometimes referred to as a hole in the heart — is a type of congenital heart defect in which there is an abnormal opening in the dividing wall between the upper filling chambers of the heart (the atria). In most cases ASDs are diagnosed and treated successfully with few or no complications. When an atrial septal defect is present, blood flows through the hole primarily from the left atrium to the right atrium.

This shunting increases the blood volume in the right atrium which means more blood flows through the lungs than would normally. If left untreated, atrial septal defect may cause problems in adulthood. These problems may include pulmonary hypertension (which is high blood pressure in the lungs), congestive heart failure(weakening of the heart muscle), atrial arrhythmias (which are abnormal rhythms or beating of the heart) and an increased risk of stroke.

Ventricular Septal Defect - VSD have a hole in the wall of their heart between their right ventricle and left ventricle (the two lower chambers, where the blood leaves the heart). Normally, blood cannot pass between the ventricles. But when there is a hole between the sides of the heart, some oxygen-rich blood leaks from the left ventricle into the right ventricle and goes back to the lungs. The hole may be small and cause no symptoms, or it may be large and cause serious problems with blood flow. If the hole is large, too much blood will be pumped to the lungs, leading to congestive heart failure. Also, the heart will have to work harder to pump blood to the body. As a result of the extra work, the heart can get bigger.

There are two main techniques to correct the disorder:

Intra-Cardiac Technique - is an open heart surgery under general anesthesia , whereby the child is attached to an external heart-lung machine. This heart lung machine performs circulatory and respiratory function during surgery. The heart is directly accessed and the defect is sutured.

Trans- Catheter Technique - this is a minimally invasive technique through which surgical instruments are passed through the catheter inserted in the femoral artery. The catheter is slowly guided up towards the point of defect to close it.

Both the procedures are quite successful. Which one is best for your child can be ascertained by the paediatric cardiac surgeon in India after the examination of the child.

Fallot's Tetralogy

Fallot was a doctor who spotted this particular type of heart defect. Tetralogy means fourfold – there are four defects found together. These four problems are: 1. Pulmonary stenosis - Pulmonary means ‘of the lungs’. Stenosis means narrowing. Pulmonary stenosis is a narrowing at or below the pulmonary valve. 2. Ventricular septal defect -Ventricular means ‘of the ventricles’ – the wall between the right and left sides of the heart . 3. Over-riding aorta -The entrance to the aorta, which should only take red (oxygenated) blood around the body, lies over the VSD, allowing the right ventricle to pump some blue blood directly into it. 4. Right ventricular hypertrophy -The right ventricle becomes thickened as it forces blood into the narrowed pulmonary artery.

The heart surgeons perform two surgeries to correct Fallot of Tetralogy heart defect in the child Blalock- Taussig's operation is a palliative procedure performed in smaller infants to increase blood flow to lungs and to allow the child to grow big enough to withstand the corrective surgery. A connection is made between right subclavian artery and pulmonary artery to pass more oxygenated blood to the latter. This relieves the cyanosis to a great extent.

The total corrective surgery is performed in children within 2 years of age. VSD is closed with a patch and the narrowed pulmonary valve is opened. The outcome of surgery is favourable and most children lead a healthy life after the surgery with minimum restrictions

Double valve repair and replacement

Valves are openings between two chambers and also between a chamber and artery which allows unidirectional flow of blood. The patency of these valves is very important for normal flow of blood. The function of mitral valve (between left atrium and left ventricle) and the aortic valve (between left ventricle and aorta) is very important. If these valves get narrowed, the amount of blood passing from left atrium to left ventricle (mitral valve) or from left ventricle to aorta (aortic valve) is drastically reduced. In this case the heart will pump blood harder to push it through the narrowed valves. But the blood will tend to go upwards back into the pulmonary vein and finally to the lungs. This will cause excess blood in the lungs leading to congestion. At the same time very less blood will come out into the aorta from the left ventricle which will result in reduced blood and oxygen supply to all the body parts.

Double valve repair and replacement procedure aims at correcting or replacing these both these damaged valves (aortic & mitral together) with new functional valves. This is done through the open heart surgery. The patient is put under general anaesthesia and connected to the heart lung machine. This machine takes over the pumping, circulatory, and respiratory functions of the heart and lung till the surgical procedure is going on. The valves are accessed by cutting open the rib cage and accessing the heart directly. The old valves are sliced from their attachments and new valves are put in their place. The new valves may be obtained from a cadaveric donor, or an animal (pig) or it may be made of a nonreactive inert material. The patient needs to be given anticoagulants or immunosuppressive to clotting of blood or rejection of organ. The prognosis of this surgery is good. It is many a time a life-saving and life extending surgery.

Why is the Procedure required?

Radio frequency catheter ablation is a procedure that is performed to correct a disturbance in heart rhythm (cardiac arrhythmia or irregular heartbeat).

It`s most often used to treat supraventricular tachyarrhythmias which are rapid, uncoordinated heartbeats starting in the heart`s upper chambers (atria) or middle region (AV node or the very beginning portion of the heart`s electrical system). In cardiology, RF ablation is used to correct:

• recurrent atrial flutter.

• atrial fibrillation (AF).

• supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).

• some types of ventricular arrhythmia.

Pediatric Heart Surgery Cost in India

Pediatric Heart Surgery in India

Q. How common are congenital heart defects?

A. Congenital birth defects comprise the single most common category of birth defects in world. In fact, one in 100 live births is affected by some form of congenital heart defect.

Q. What are some common congenital heart defects?

A. Atrial and ventricular septal defects are holes in the heart which affect the blood supply out of the heart. Patent ductus arteriosus, a common defect in premature infants, occurs when blood flows between the aorta and the pulmonary artery through an open passageway which normally closes within a few hours of birth. Pulmonary, aortic and subaortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta are obstructions which restrict blood supply to the rest of the body.

Tetrology of Fallot has four components, a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary valve stenosis, an abnormally muscular right ventricle and the placement of the aorta directly above the VSD. Common acquired diseases include cardiomyopathy, or heart muscle abnormalities, viral myocarditis and arrhythmias.

Q. How are these defects diagnosed?

A. Pediatric cardiologists use sophisticated, non-invasive imaging technology to assess, diagnose and monitor a variety of cardiac problems in pediatric patients such as transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Fetal echocardiography helps physicians to detect and monitor malformations during pregnancy which facilitates appropriate prenatal care and early intervention.

Q. What are some of the treatments?

A. Technological advances in non-surgical interventions such as catheter-based treatments for closing atrial and ventricular septal defects have enabled physicians to treat a variety of congenital heart defects early in the course of the disease and in many cases, without surgery. Other interventions include coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosis and systemic arteries, stenting and balloon dilation of obstructed pulmonary and venous pathways, and radiofrequency ablation of arrhythmias.

Q. How is surgery performed on pediatric patients?

A. Minimally invasive surgical techniques which have been used widely in adult cardiac surgery are now being applied to infants and children with results that are comparable to standard procedures. These techniques avoid the traditional splitting of the breastbone characteristic of standard open-heart surgery by performing the surgery through a much smaller incision through the ribs, sparing patients the pain and trauma of open-chest surgery. This approach speeds recovery so that children can return to school and play much sooner, often within a week after open heart surgery.

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Affordable Pacemakers Surgery in India - Best Heart hospitals in India

Pacemaker Implantation in IndiaHeart rhythm disorder is a serious medical condition and could lead to problems ranging from simple palpitations to sudden death. But the modern Electrophysiology has provided great solution to the patients suffering from heart rhythm problems. The newer techniques and developments in Electrophysiology have enhanced the quality of life in these patients to a great extent. Heart hospitals in India have now the best electrophysiology teams to offer the best treatment for patients with heart rhythm disorders.

Implantable pacemaker

What is it?In this surgical procedure, surgeons implant a device called a pacemaker, which regulates heart rate and rhythm.

Why is it performed?It is performed to treat abnormal heart rates or rhythms (arrhythmia), particularly if they have not responded well to drug therapy (medication).

What is done?The pacemaker consists of two parts. The leads are wires with electrodes at the tip that transmit electrical signals to the heart muscle from the pulse generator. These electrical signals cause the heart muscle to contract (pump). The pulse generator (often referred to as the pacemaker) is a small unit with a computer that generates the electrical signal. Most pacemaker implantations are performed under local anesthesia (similar to the anesthesia used by dentists).

What can you expect?Usually, the procedure is scheduled ahead of time. A week or so before your operation, you will probably be asked to visit your hospital. Various tests, such as blood and urine tests, an electrocardiogram, and other tests may be performed. Your doctor will explain the risks and benefits of the procedure and you will be asked to sign a consent form. Before the procedure starts, inform your doctor if you:

• Have ever had a reaction to any contrast dye, iodine, or any serious allergic reaction (for example, from a bee sting or from eating shellfish).

• Have asthma.

• Are allergic to any medication.

• Have any bleeding problems or are taking blood-thinning medication.

• Have a history of kidney problems or diabetes.

• Have body piercings on your chest or abdomen.

• Have had any recent change in your health.

• Are, or may be, pregnant.

What happens during the procedure?

Endocardial lead positioningThis is the most common procedure for implanting a pacemaker. You will be awake throughout the procedure. You will be given a sedative to help you relax and local anesthetics in areas that are involved in the procedure (usually the upper chest area). A thin, flexible tube (catheter) will be inserted into a blood vessel and, using a fluoroscope (similar to an X-ray picture to visualize the catheter), threaded into the heart. Once in the heart, the leads will be attached to the inside lining. The leads will be tested to ensure they are working correctly. From time to time, you may be asked to take deep breaths or cough vigorously in order to test the placement of the leads.Once the leads are in the best locations, they will be plugged into the pulse generator. The pulse generator will be slipped into a small pocket made just beneath the skin of your upper chest or your abdomen. You may feel slight pressure while the leads and pulse generator are being inserted into the pocket.

Epicardial lead positioningBecause a larger incision is made in the chest, this procedure is usually performed under a general anesthesia and you will be asleep. The exterior surface of the heart is exposed and the leads attached directly to the surface (epicardium) of the heart. The pulse generator is usually placed under the skin in the upper abdomen, but may also be placed in the upper chest area.

After the procedureOnce surgery is completed, you will be taken to a recovery room. There may be some soreness around the site where the pulse generator was implanted, but it can be managed with pain medication. Depending upon your condition and which procedure you had, you may stay in the hospital anywhere from several hours to a few days.

When you return home, keep an eye on your incisions. Some bruising is normal but contact your doctor if you experience increased pain, redness, swelling, bleeding or other draining from an incision, fever, or chills. Most people are aware of their pacemaker for a short time following its implantation, but this sensation usually decreases with time. 

Following implantation of a pacemaker, it is OK to take a shower, bathe or engage in usual sexual activity. During the initial eight weeks, avoid sudden, jerky movements with your arms, stretching or reaching over your head or touching the pacemaker. After this time, just avoid putting pressure on the chest area over the implant.

Monitoring your pulseIt is important to always carry your pacemaker ID card. You should also be aware of your pacemaker’s maximum and minimum programmed heart rates. Monitor your pulse regularly and report the readings to your healthcare provider at your pacemaker checkup. With the help of a special analyzer your doctor can detect if the batteries are about to run down.

Robotic Mitral Valve Repair may provide patients with the following Benefits Over Open Surgery

In addition to avoiding the pain and trauma of sternotomy and rib spreading, robotic mitral valve repair may provide patients with the following benefits over open surgery:

• Less risk of infection
• Less blood loss and need for blood transfusions
• Shorter hospital stay
• Significantly less pain and scarring
• Faster recovery
• Quicker return to normal activities
• And a potentially better clinical outcome

Please note that not all patients are candidates for robotic surgery. Your surgeon will provide you with the most appropriate treatment option after thoroughly assessing your condition. 

WHAT IS THE MITRAL VALVE?

The mitral valve controls blood flow through the left side of the heart. When it opens, the mitral valve allows blood to flow into the left ventricle, the heart’s main pumping chamber. When the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve closes in order to prevent blood from flowing back toward the lungs. 
Sometimes the mitral valve is abnormal from birth. It can also become damaged by infection, with age or from heart disease. 

WHAT IS MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE?

If the mitral valve leaflets cannot tightly seal the left ventricle, this is called prolapse. With mitral valve prolapse, some blood flows back into the atrium – a condition called regurgitation. Regurgitation can make the heart work harder, leading to further valve damage and increasing the risk of heart failure. 

MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE TREATMENT OPTIONS

The treatment options available to a person with mitral valve prolapse depend on the severity of your condition. Some patients may not require any intervention. Others may be prescribed medications. However, if your symptoms become severe, your doctor may recommend mitral valve prolapse surgery. There are two basic types of valve prolapse surgery:

Valve Replacement  - In valve replacement, your surgeon cuts out the damaged valve and replaces it with a new, artificial valve.

Valve Repair  - Valve repair involves the surgeon reconstructing your valve using your own tissues.

Robot Assisted Heart Procedures are done to treat a variety of conditions:

1. Robot Assisted Mitral Valve Repair may be used to treat:

• Stenosis (narrowing) of the mitral valve
• Regurgitation (leakage) of the mitral valve

2. Robot Assisted Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) may be used to treat

• Blockages in the heart's arteries
• Severe chest pain ( angina ) that has not improved with medicines

3. Robot-assisted Atrial Septal defect repair may be used to treat a hole between the upper chambers of the heart that does not close properly during foetal development.

4. Robot-assisted Biventricular Pacemaker lead placement may be used to treat heart failure due to Atrial Fibrillation (irregular heart rhythm in the upper chambers of the heart)

An Alternative to Open-Heart Surgery

If your doctor recommends surgery to treat mitral valve prolapse, you may be a candidate for robotically assisted closed-chest heart surgery, potentially the most effective and least invasive treatment option. Robotically assisted minimally invasive mitral valve repair is an alternative to conventional open heart surgery. This mitral valve repair is performed using the da Vinci Surgical System®, enabling your surgeon to operate with precision through a few small incisions.

In addition to avoiding the pain and trauma of cracking open the breastbone to access the heart through a traditional sternotomy and rib spreading, robotically assisted minimally invasive mitral valve repair may provide patients with the following benefits over open-heart surgery:

• Less risk of infection
• Less blood loss and need for blood transfusions
• Shorter hospital stay
• Significantly less scarring
• Faster recovery from pain
• Quicker return to normal activities
• Potentially better clinical outcome

As with any surgery, these benefits cannot be guaranteed, as surgery is both patient- and procedure-specific. While robotically assisted minimally invasive mitral valve repair is considered safe and effective, it may not be appropriate for every individual. Always ask your doctor about all treatment options, as well as their risks and benefits.

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