Minimally Invasive Heart Valve Replacement or Repair Surgery Techniques in India
The four valves inside the heart must swing open easily and then click shut tightly—about 60 times per minute—to keep blood pumping smoothly in the proper direction. But these hard-working, one-way valves often break down. The most common problems are leaks (regurgitation) and narrowing (stenosis).
Heart disease can produce these valve problems. For example, patients with an aortic aneurysm, a heart attack, or high blood pressure may develop aortic valve regurgitation. In this condition, also called insufficiency, the valve flaps (leaflets) do not close completely. This allows leakage of blood backward into the left ventricle after each heartbeat. Infection, inherited conditions, or other problems may also cause valve problems. If untreated, a faulty heart valve can trigger serious problems elsewhere in the heart. For example, patients who have mitral valve regurgitation (where the leaflets leak blood backward into the atrium) are at risk of arrhythmias, heart failure, or stroke. Mitral valve stenosis can cause heart failure or lung problems due to the backflow pressure.
Surgery is often the best solution for valve problems.|
Common Types of Valve Surgery
Your surgeon may recommend surgery to repair a damaged or diseased valve. Surgery is most often needed for the mitral valve or aortic valve on the more powerful left side of the heart. But some people need surgery on the tricuspid valve or pulmonary valve. Many valve procedures can be done with minimally invasive or robotic-assisted techniques that may limit pain and speed recovery.
we offer a full range of minimally invasive approaches (totally endovascular, mini-thoracotomy, port access, keyhole, and robotic-assisted) as well as standard open surgical procedures. All these terms describe how the surgeon reaches the heart valve to make the necessary repair—not the exact surgical repair itself. Learn more about robotic and minimally invasive
Aortic Valve Surgery or Mitral Valve Surgery.
The purpose of valve surgery is to help your existing valve work better—either opening more fully or closing more completely. The most common valve surgeries performed include:
Valve Repair and Rreshaping
· Your surgeon can use a variety of tools and methods to repair, reshape, trim, or otherwise modify the valve flaps to create a tighter seal or to enlarge the opening.
· Any tears or holes in your valve can be patched or sewn back together to prevent leakage.
· In another common technique to improve valve function, your surgeon may shorten or repair the cords or tendons inside the heart that attach to the valves. These cords, called papillary muscles and chordae tendineae, are sometimes ruptured or weakened by a heart attack or infection.
· One or more of these repair procedures might be used to limit stenosis or regurgitation.
Annuloplasty
· If the base of a mitral or tricuspid valve becomes enlarged, dilated, or damaged, your surgeon can strengthen this ring of tissue (called the annulus) by sewing in an O- or C-shaped annuloplasty ring at the valve base.
· This synthetic ring provides a firmer foundation for the valve.
· It also cinches up the loose opening, allowing the valve to seal more tightly and prevent regurgitation of blood into the atria.
· Annuloplasty can now be accomplished using minimally invasive techniques.
Mitral Prolapse Repair
·
If your mitral leaflets are weak or thickened, they may bulge backward with every heartbeat. In some cases, blood spills backward through the ballooning valve into the left atrium.
· If prolapse is starting to cause symptoms, or if tests indicate future risks, your surgeon can remove a section of one or more leaflets to "tighten up" the leaflet(s) and prevent mitral regurgitation.
· Another option for a floppy mitral valve is to insert an annuloplasty ring to strengthen the valve's base.
Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty
· If you have a certain type of mitral stenosis, your surgeon can guide a balloon-tipped catheter into the mitral valve and gently inflate it to force open the valve and improve blood flow.
· The catheter is a wire-like tube that can be inserted through a leg artery and guided up to the heart, thus avoiding open surgery.
· This procedure, called balloon valvotomy or valvuloplasty, is usually for milder stenosis with no regurgitation or calcification.
· A valve replacement is often needed for more severe stenosis.
Repair or Replacement of Bicuspid Aortic Valve
· About 1% to 2% of the population is born with two of their three aortic valve leaflets (cusps) fused together.
· For many people this "bicuspid" aortic valve is no problem. But if your bicuspid valve is causing stenosis, your surgeon may recommend repair to separate the fused cusps.
· If the problem is severe, you may need a valve replacement.
Aortic, Mitral,Pulmonary, or Tricuspid Valve Replacement
· In severely diseased or damaged valves, replacement with a new mechanical or tissue (from pig, cow, or human donor) valve is sometimes recommended.
· Your surgeon will provide details about the benefits of repair versus replacement and the trade offs between mechanical and tissue (biologic or bioprosthetic) valves.
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